Umnakekeli wokuphepha kanye nesinikezeli esisebenza kahle samagridi wamandla wamandla aphezulu wangaphandle

Kuukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu kwangaphandleamasistimu, ama-40.5KV asebenza njengezinga likagesi elingumongo esizindeni samandla kagesi aphakathi nendawo, enza imisebenzi ebalulekile efana nokudluliswa kwamandla, ukuhlukaniswa kokugcinwa kwezinto zokusebenza, nokuvikela amaphutha. Iswishi yokunqamula ngaphandle engu-40.5KV "ingumnakekeli wezokuphepha" kanye "nomsizi wokusebenza" kule sistimu. Ichayeka endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yangaphandle unyaka wonke, ibhekene nezivivinyo zomoya, imvula, uthuli, namazinga okushisa ashintshanayo. Ngokusebenza okuzinzile kanye nesakhiwo esinokwethenjelwa, yakha umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ekusebenzeni okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kweziteshi ezingaphansi, izintambo zokudlulisela, neziteshi zamandla kagesi ezintsha, ezisebenza njengemishini yehabhu eyinhloko exhuma ukukhiqizwa nokudluliswa kwamandla.

Njengesigaba esiyinhloko sezinto zikagesi zangaphandle ezinevoltage ephezulu ye-50Hz AC, iswishi yokunqamula ngaphandle engu-40.5KV ibekwe ngokuyinhloko "ukuvula nokuvala okungalayishi" kanye "nokuhlukaniswa ngogesi". Ngamagama alula, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvula nokuvala imigqa yamandla kagesi aphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezingalayishiwe, futhi ingahlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo imishini kagesi njengamabhasi ane-voltage ephezulu nama-breaker circuit adinga ukulungiswa, kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezibukhoma, ukunqamula isekethe kagesi, ukuhlinzeka indawo ephephile yokugcinwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokugwema izingozi zokuphepha ezibangelwa ukusebenza okubukhoma. Ukwengeza, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuvula nokuvala ama-capacitor amancane noma ama-inductors, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo zezimo ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle zamandla kagesi aphezulu, futhi iyisisetshenziswa esiyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza kwegridi yamandla.

Ngokungafani nemishini yasendlini enamandla kagesi aphezulu, isinqamuli sangaphandle esingu-40.5KV sidinga ukumelana nezindawo zemvelo ezeqisayo isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwayo kwesakhiwo kanye nezinqubo zobuchwepheshe konke kugxile ezintweni ezintathu ezibalulekile "zokumelana nesimo sezulu, ukwethembeka, nokusebenza okulula nokugcinwa". Mayelana nomklamo wesakhiwo, lolu hlobo lwesinqamuli ngokuvamile luthatha isakhiwo esimise okwe-V. Isigxobo esisodwa sigxilwe esisekelweni ngezici ezimbili zezinsika, ezine-engeli efanelekile yokuhlangana. Ihlanganiswe nezingxenye eziyinhloko njengesihlalo sokuxhuma, ingxenye yekhanda lokuxhumana, ummese ophansi, ukuthintana okugxilile okuphansi, namatheminali okuxhumana ukuze kwakhe uhlelo lokusebenza oluphelele. Phakathi kwazo, i-grounding system ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu: akukho sisekelo, isisekelo esisodwa, kanye nesisekelo esiphindwe kabili. I-interlock yemishini ethembekile isethwe phakathi kwe-shaft eyinhloko kanye nommese ophansi, futhi inkinobho eyisizayo ihlomele ukuvimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukungasebenzi kahle nokuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuphepha kwezifunda zokuvula nokuvala, ukugwema amaphutha egridi yamandla okubangelwa amaphutha okusebenza [1].

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zobuchwepheshe wusekelo oluyisisekelo lwesinqamuleli sangaphandle esingu-40.5KV ukuze sivumelane nemvelo yangaphandle eyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhlelo lokudlulisela, inhlanganisela yama-rolling bearings kanye ne-ambrella gear mechanism yamukelwa, engagcini nje ngokwenza ukuthi ukushintshwa kujikeleze ngokuguquguqukayo nokuvula nokuvala ngokukhululekile, okwenza ukusebenza kungabi namandla, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwezenzo zokuvula nokuvala amakholomu amabili, ukugwema ukuminyana nokungahambi kahle kwezinkinga; ukusethwa kwedivayisi yomkhawulo wokuvula nokuvala kungaqinisekisa ukuthi othintana nabo basesimweni esifanele, futhi isibambo sivalwe ngendandatho yokukhiya ngemva kokusebenza, ukuvimbela amandla angaphandle ngengozi ekubangeleni ukuvula nokuvala mahhala, ngokuqhubekayo kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza. Mayelana nokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, othintana nabo ngokuvamile basebenzisa izinto eziyinhlanganisela ze-silika ye-silver oxide tin (AgSnO₂), ezinokumelana okuzinzile nokuxhumana okuhle kakhulu, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka komugqa; ama-insulators athatha irabha ye-silicone enamandla amakhulu noma izinto ze-ceramic, ezinokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokufakwa, igebe elikhulu lokuxhumana, kanye nesilinganiso esanele sokuhlukaniswa kwe-insulation, okungamelana ngempumelelo nokuguga kwangaphandle, ukuvuza, njll. kanye nokuhlolwa kokuguga kwe-ultraviolet, okufanelekile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezingaphandle ngokwedlulele njengezindawo ezisogwini ezinomswakama ophezulu, izingwadule ezinesihlabathi somoya, nezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu.